The hybridity of the rescued plants was confirmed by comparing the morphological characters of the interspecific hybrid and parents. Developed seedlings were hardened and shifted to green house. Pro-embryos from fruits of 42-44 days after pollination gave good response. Rescue of immature embryos was done on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS-medium). In the subsequent season, pollen from LA2325was used to pollinate the susceptible cultivar and pro-embryos were collected from developing fruits 39-49 days after pollination. This hampers introgression of resistance to cultivated tomato. It is well known that fertilization barriers like incompatibility and embryo abortion come in the way of development of inter-specific hybrid. To study genetics of the resistance and to transfer the resistance to cultivated tomato, crosses were made between accessionLA2325 and highly susceptible genotype Hawaii 3998. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of nanotechnology-based solutions for sustainable agriculture and food security.ฤก The tomato wild accession LA2325 (Solanum neorickkii) shows strong resistance to early blight (EB) caused by Alternaria solani. These results suggest that using green synthesized AgNPs is a promising approach for enhancing the growth and yield of tomato plants and protecting them against early blight disease. AgNP treatment improved stress tolerance in tomato plants as indicated by higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as PO (60%), PPO (65%), PAL (65.5%), SOD (65.3%), CAT (53.8%), and APX (73%). Tomato plants treated with 5 and 10 ppm AgNPs reached their maximum levels of photosynthetic pigments and increased the accumulation of certain secondary metabolites compared to the control group. Moreover, the AgNP-treated plants exhibited a significant reduction in disease severity index (DSI) (73%) and disease incidence (DI) (69%) compared to the control plants. Tomato plants treated with AgNPs showed a significant increase in plant height (30%), number of leaves, fresh weight (45%), and dry weight (40%) compared to the control plants. AgNPs were synthesized using leaf extract of the neem tree. The present study investigated the potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for enhancing the growth and yield of tomato plants and their resistance against early blight disease. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained popularity recently due to their potential antifungal activity. Farmers' major challenge when growing tomatoes is early blight disease caused by Alternaria solani, which results in significant yield losses. Tomato plants are among the most widely cultivated and economically important crops worldwide. This paper will review the current understanding of causal agents of EB of tomato, resistance genetics and breeding, problems associated with breeding and future prospects. More research is needed to identify additional sources of useful resistance, to incorporate resistant QTLs into breeding lines through marker-assisted selection (MAS) and to develop resistant cultivars with desirable horticultural traits including high yielding potential and early maturity. Pyramiding of those QTLs would provide strong resistance. pimpinellifolium, but none of them could be used in EB resistance breeding due to low individual QTL effects. Several quantitative trait loci (QTL) conferring EB resistance have been detected in the populations derived from different wild species including Solanum habrochaites, Solanum arcanum and S. Polygenic inheritance of EB resistance, insufficient resistance in cultivated species and the association of EB resistance with undesirable horticultural traits have thwarted the effective breeding of EB resistance in tomato. Resistance sources have been identified in wild species of tomato some breeding lines and cultivars with moderate resistance have been developed through conventional breeding methods. Currently, cultural practices and fungicide applications are employed for the management of EB due to the lack of strong resistant cultivars. Alternaria are known only to reproduce asexually, but a highly-virulent isolate has the potential to overcome existing resistance genes. In some instances, annual economic yield losses due to EB have been estimated at 79%. Early blight (EB) is one of the dreadful diseases of tomato caused by several species of Alternaria including Alternaria linariae (which includes A.
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